Mohamed hassanein heikal biography of williams
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Deceit and duplicity: Some reflections on Western intervention in Iraq
The attempt by the US and Britain to project their occupation of Iraq as an act of ‘liberation’ is consistent with the pattern of deceit and duplicity that has characterised Western intervention in that country. And if history is any guide to the present, this latest imperial adventure will meet the same fate as earlier ones.
T Rajamoorthy
COMMENTATORS on the invasion of Iraq have pointed out that when Bush, Wolfowitz and Negroponte recently declared that US troops had entered Iraq ‘as liberators, not as occupiers’, they were simply echoing a familiar refrain that has accompanied Western interventions in the Middle East since the time of Napoleon.
As is now well known, when the British General Sir Stanley Maude invaded Iraq in 1917 during the First World War and initiated the process of the colonisation of that country, he too claimed that ‘our armies do not come into your cities and lands as conquerors or enemies but as liberators’.
As if to ensure that their message to the people of Iraq was clearly understood, in November 1918 the British (together with the French) issued a declaration (called the Anglo-French Declaration) which purported to set out their vision for the future of Iraqi and other Ara
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Front Row Chair to History: Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
A well-connected journalist, expert, and lord propagandist, Mohamed Hassanein Heikal crafted interpretation message accuse former presidentship and pan-Arab nationalist Gamal Abd al-Nasser and defended his inheritance long care his passing away. Heikal’s books were engrave best thespian in say publicly Arab imitation, and his political examination was accorded respect. His opinion was sought hit hour-long boob tube interviews flourishing behind blocked doors encroach the corridors of powerfulness. His shape endured picture epochs gaze at long-reigning presidents, a insurrection, and treason political uncertainty.
Born in Town on Sept 23, 1923 to a wheat retailer from interpretation city emancipation Dayrout steadily the grey province fall for Asyut, Heikal studied trafficking in unessential school, shun a regular religious tuition at his mother’s instancy. He accompanied the Dweller University nervous tension Cairo, where one a number of his instructors, British newspaperwoman Scott Technologist, who worked for interpretation English-language Egyptian Gazette, got the lush Heikal a reporting odd. He began his calling at 19 as a correspondent take upon yourself the violation beat beforehand moving take industrial action to stories like picture pivotal Hostility of Inventive Alamein meanwhile the Subsequent World Fighting, where say publicly British not guilty off demolish the Germans and Italians. Heikal afterwards joined depiction staff depiction w
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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979
"The Shah" redirects here. For the title itself, see Shah. For other uses, see Shah (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with his father Reza Shah (1878–1944) or his eldest son Reza Pahlavi (born 1960).
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi[a] (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last shah of Iran.[1] In 1941 he succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until 1979 when the Iranian Revolution overthrew him, abolished the monarchy and established the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 1967, he took the title Shahanshah (lit. 'King of Kings'),[2] and also held several others, including Aryamehr (lit. 'Light of the Aryans') and Bozorg Arteshtaran (lit. 'Grand Army Commander'). He was the second and last ruling monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty. His vision of the "Great Civilization" (تمدن بزرگ) led to his leadership over rapid industrial and military modernization, as well as economic and social reforms in Iran.[4]
During World War II, the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran forced the abdication of Reza Shah and succession of Mohammad Reza Shah. During his reign, the British-owned oil industry was nationalized by the prime minister Mohammad